Ranked: Countries with Highest (and Lowest) Rates of Infant Mortality, 2024

Infant mortality refers to the death of a baby before their first birthday. This figure is crucial in determining the overall well-being of a society. The infant mortality rate, which is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, provides important information about the health of both babies and mothers in a given population. CEOWORLD Magazine explores the concept of infant mortality rate in this report that discusses its significance as a population marker. The publication’s researchers also highlight countries with high rates of infant mortality, helping readers understand which regions require assistance in addressing this long-standing social and economic issue.

What are the primary causes of infant deaths?

Infant mortality refers to a baby’s demise before he turns one year old. Most of these tragic events during childhood happen during a child’s first year of life or the neonatal period. Neonatal mortality accounts for 70 to 80 percent of baby deaths. Several healthcare conditions contribute to infant mortality. The largest contributor is premature or preterm birth and its complications. This event happens when a mother delivers her baby before 37 weeks of pregnancy, when normal pregnancy is for 40 weeks.

Babies also lose their lives to birth asphyxia, birth defects like congenital malformations, low birth weight, malnutrition, accidental suffocation, and other injuries. A mother’s pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome lead to infant mortality, as well as diseases, such as lower respiratory infections, pneumonia, and diarrhea. Neonatal encephalopathy also causes baby deaths, in which brain function problems happen due to the dearth of oxygen during delivery.

Which countries have the highest infant death incidence?

CEOWORLD magazine’s researchers have provided a table that highlights the countries with high infant mortality rates. Sierra Leone tops the list with 80.50 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, followed by the Central African Republic with 77.24. The top 10 countries on the list are all located in Africa. These nations face challenges such as a lack of access to clean water, adequate food, trained healthcare professionals, and necessary medications, all of which contribute to high rates of infant mortality.

Which countries have the lowest infant death rates?

In the list of top 10 countries with the lowest infant death rates, it is evident that most of the countries are developed ones. In contrast, poor African countries have high rates of infant deaths before their first birthday. This is due to poverty, malaria, malnutrition, and underdeveloped infrastructure in those countries. Moreover, the top 10 countries in the list, such as San Marino, Monaco, Estonia, and Singapore, have better living conditions and lower poverty rates than the poor African nations. They also have adequate healthcare services, and their fertility and birth rates are not as high as those in developing countries. As a result, they face fewer challenges related to these issues.

Countries with Highest (and Lowest) Rates of Infant Mortality, 2024

Rank	Country	Region	Deaths per 1,000 live births	Population	GDP (USD million)	GDP Per Capita
1	Sierra Leone	Western Africa	80.5	8,494,260	3,519	415
2	Central African Republic	Central Africa	77.23	5,633,412	2,760	539
3	Somalia	Eastern Africa	72.87	18,143,379	11,515	717
4	Nigeria	Western Africa	72.27	216,783,400	390,002	1,755
5	Chad	Central Africa	67.62	17,414,717	12,596	703
6	Guinea	Western Africa	65.37	13,261,638	23,205	1,543
7	South Sudan	Eastern Africa	63.76	13,249,924	6,267	417
8	DR Congo	Central Africa	64.11	95,370,000	67,512	675
9	Mali	Western Africa	63.02	22,395,489	21,309	913
10	Niger	Western Africa	59.92	25,369,415	17,073	631
11	Equatorial Guinea	Central Africa	58.79	1,558,160	10,041	6,502
12	Lesotho	Southern Africa	58.42	2,306,000	2,373	1,110
13	Liberia	Western Africa	58.16	5,248,621	4,347	800
14	Ivory Coast	Caribbean	57.5	29,389,150	79,430	2,728
15	Benin	Western Africa	56.59	12,606,998	19,940	1,449
16	Pakistan	Southern Asia	54.37	241,499,431	340,636	1,471
17	Burkina Faso	Western Africa	52.98	22,185,654	20,785	888
18	Mozambique	Eastern Africa	52.49	32,419,747	21,936	647
19	Angola	Central Africa	48.68	33,086,278	93,796	2,550
20	Cameroon	Central Africa	48.49	28,088,845	49,262	1,722
21	Yemen	West Asia	45.78	31,888,698	21,045	618
22	Djibouti	Eastern Africa	47.24	1,001,454	3,873	3,761
23	Haiti	Caribbean	46.67	11,743,017	25,986	2,125
24	Madagascar	Eastern Africa	45.32	26,923,353	15,763	530
25	Afghanistan	Southern Asia	44.85	34,262,840	14,939	443
26	Togo	Western Africa	44.49	8,095,498	9,111	1,004
27	Thailand	Southeastern Asia	44.33	68,263,022	512,193	7,298
28	Eswatini	Southern Africa	44.21	1,223,362	4,648	3,995
29	Zambia	Eastern Africa	41.13	19,610,769	29,536	1,486
30	Comoros	Eastern Africa	40.43	758,316	1,364	1,377
31	Sudan	Northern Africa	39.92	41,984,500	25,569	534
32	Kiribati	Micronesia	39.36	121,388	297	2,381
33	Burundi	Eastern Africa	38.78	12,837,740	3,190	246
34	Turkmenistan	Central Asia	36.47	7,057,841	81,822	12,934
35	Zimbabwe	Eastern Africa	36.58	15,178,979	32,424	2,006
36	Papua New Guinea	Melanesia	35.40	11,781,559	31,692	2,581
37	Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	35.4	107,334,000	155,804	1,473
38	Laos	Southeastern Asia	35.38	7,443,000	14,244	1,879
39	Tajikistan	Central Asia	34.93	10,077,600	11,816	1,180
40	Gambia	Western Africa	34.86	2,417,471	2,388	903
41	Myanmar	Southeastern Asia	34.74	55,770,232	74,861	1,381
42	Ghana	Western Africa	33.5	30,832,019	76,628	2,329
43	Mauritania	Western Africa	33.02	4,475,683	10,357	2,338
44	Dominica	Caribbean	31.75	67,408	697	9,356
45	Malawi	Eastern Africa	32.04	21,507,723	13,176	580
46	Uganda	Eastern Africa	32.13	45,562,000	52,390	1,163
47	Rwanda	Eastern Africa	30.37	13,246,394	13,927	1,032
48	Namibia	Southern Africa	30.02	2,641,857	12,647	4,786
49	Gabon	Central Africa	29.78	2,233,272	19,319	8,832
50	Senegal	Western Africa	29.97	18,275,743	31,141	1,715
51	Eritrea	Eastern Africa	29.73	3,748,902	2,255	644
52	Botswana	Southern Africa	29.01	2,410,338	20,756	7,758
53	Kenya	Eastern Africa	28.98	51,526,000	112,749	2,188
54	Taiwan	Eastern Asia	28.51	23,399,654	751,930	32,339
55	Dominican Republic	Caribbean	27.85	10,760,028	120,629	11,249
56	South Africa	Southern Africa	26.92	62,027,503	380,906	6,191
57	India	Southern Asia	26.82	1,392,329,000	3,732,224	2,612
58	Fiji	Melanesia	23.06	893,468	5,511	6,025
59	Guyana	South America	23.88	743,699	16,329	20,565
60	Nauru	Micronesia	23.92	11,680	150	11,757
61	Bangladesh	Southern Asia	24.06	169,828,911	446,349	2,621
62	Nepal	Southern Asia	23.62	29,164,578	41,339	1,353
63	Bhutan	Southern Asia	23.12	770,276	2,686	3,500
64	Saint Lucia	Caribbean	22.09	178,696	2,469	13,572
65	Cambodia	Southeastern Asia	22.14	17,091,464	30,943	1,916
66	Venezuela	South America	21.06	28,302,000	92,210	3,474
67	Micronesia	Micronesia	21.63	105,754	458	4,358
68	Iraq	West Asia	21.41	43,324,000	297,695	5,883
69	Philippines	Southeastern Asia	21.05	112,892,781	435,675	3,859
70	Bolivia	South America	20.92	12,006,031	46,796	3,858
71	Vanuatu	Melanesia	20.34	301,295	1,166	3,492
72	Guatemala	Central America	20.18	17,602,431	102,765	5,407
73	Algeria	Northern Africa	19.64	45,400,000	224,107	4,875
74	Indonesia	Southeastern Asia	19.5	279,118,866	1,417,387	5,109
75	Syria	West Asia	18.78	22,923,000	11,800	537
76	Tuvalu	Polynesia	18.68	10,679	63	5,773
77	Azerbaijan	West Asia	17.35	10,151,517	77,392	7,530
78	Vietnam	Southeastern Asia	16.64	100,300,000	433,356	4,316
79	Egypt	Northern Africa	16.75	104,462,545	398,397	3,770
80	Solomon Islands	Melanesia	16.59	734,887	1,690	2,285
81	Paraguay	South America	16.05	6,109,644	44,142	5,843
82	Kyrgyzstan	Central Asia	15.87	7,100,000	12,681	1,830
83	Morocco	Northern Africa	16.07	37,022,000	147,343	3,980
84	Suriname	South America	15.83	616,500	3,539	5,667
85	Mauritius	Eastern Africa	14.95	1,261,041	14,819	11,752
86	Palau	Micronesia	15.65	16,733	267	15,113
87	Trinidad and Tobago	Caribbean	15.03	1,365,805	27,887	19,622
88	Grenada	Caribbean	14.57	112,579	1,306	11,437
89	Samoa	Polynesia	14.72	205,557	939	4,638
90	Honduras	Central America	14.73	9,745,149	33,992	3,245
91	Tunisia	Northern Africa	14.28	11,850,232	51,271	4,191
92	Brazil	South America	13.13	203,062,512	2,126,809	10,413
93	Palestine	West Asia	13.19	5,483,450	18,109	3,464
94	Mongolia	Eastern Asia	13.21	3,457,548	18,782	5,348
95	Uzbekistan	Central Asia	13.16	36,599,764	90,392	2,509
96	Jordan	West Asia	12.95	11,302,000	50,022	4,851
97	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Caribbean	12.97	110,872	1,039	9,360
98	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Caribbean	12.64	47,195	1,069	18,082
99	Moldova	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	12.48	2,512,758	16,000	6,411
100	São Tomé and Príncipe	Central Africa	12.78	214,610	674	2,905
101	Seychelles	Eastern Africa	12.21	100,447	2,085	20,890
102	Panama	Central America	12.37	4,337,406	82,348	18,493
103	Cape Verde	Western Africa	12.24	491,233	2,598	4,503
104	Nicaragua	Central America	12.08	6,733,763	17,353	2,599
105	Bahamas	Caribbean	11.55	397,360	13,876	34,371
106	Mexico	North America	11.8	129,406,736	1,811,468	13,804
107	Colombia	South America	11.41	52,215,503	363,835	6,976
108	Barbados	Caribbean	11.4	267,800	6,220	21,442
109	Peru	South America	11.28	33,396,698	264,636	7,669
110	Iran	West Asia	11.23	84,038,000	366,438	4,234
111	Ecuador	South America	11.13	16,938,986	118,686	6,500
112	El Salvador	Central America	11.05	6,884,888	35,339	5,558
113	Jamaica	Eastern Asia	11.04	2,825,544	18,761	6,831
114	North Korea	Eastern Asia	11.6	25,660,000	48,350	654
115	Brunei	Southeastern Asia	9.64	445,400	15,153	34,384
116	Belize	Central America	10.06	441,471	3,218	7,142
117	Tonga	Polynesia	9.83	100,179	547	5,488
118	Armenia	West Asia	10.02	2,981,200	24,540	8,283
119	Libya	Northern Africa	9.52	6,931,061	40,194	5,872
120	Kazakhstan	Central Asia	9.1	20,000,000	259,292	12,968
121	Oman	West Asia	8.9	5,113,071	108,282	21,266
122	Georgia	Eastern Europe	8.52	3,736,400	30,023	8,165
123	Albania	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	8.39	2,761,785	23,032	8,057
124	Turkey	West Asia	8.13	85,279,553	1,154,600	13,384
125	Kuwait	West Asia	7.53	4,670,713	159,687	32,215
126	Tanzania	Eastern Africa	7.39	61,741,120	84,033	1,327
127	Lebanon	West Asia	7.24	5,490,000	37,945	3,283
128	Ukraine	Eastern Europe	7.15	41,130,432	173,413	5,225
129	Malaysia	Southeastern Asia	6.61	33,379,500	430,895	13,034
130	Costa Rica	Central America	6.74	5,262,225	85,590	16,213
131	Argentina	South America	6.84	46,654,581	621,833	13,297
132	Bahrain	West Asia	6.01	1,577,059	44,994	28,464
133	Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	5.99	22,037,000	88,309	3,342
134	Saudi Arabia	West Asia	5.99	32,175,224	1,069,437	32,586
135	Chile	South America	5.87	19,960,889	344,400	17,254
136	United Arab Emirates	West Asia	5.63	9,282,410	509,179	50,602
137	United States	North America	5.44	335,893,238	26,949,643	80,412
138	Bulgaria	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	5.41	6,447,710	103,099	16,087
139	Romania	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	5.5	19,051,562	350,414	18,413
140	Antigua and Barbuda	Caribbean	5.34	100,772	1,949	19,068
141	Maldives	Southern Asia	5.49	382,751	6,977	17,559
142	Malta	Southern Europe	5.22	519,562	20,311	38,715
143	China	Eastern Asia	5.46	1,409,670,000	17,700,899	12,541
144	Uruguay	South America	5.39	3,444,263	76,244	21,378
145	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	4.97	3,277,082	26,945	7,778
146	Serbia	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	4.83	6,641,197	75,015	11,301
147	North Macedonia	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	5.2	1,832,696	15,801	7,672
148	Slovakia	Central Europe	4.71	5,426,468	133,044	24,471
149	Qatar	West Asia	4.84	2,656,032	235,500	81,968
150	Canada	North America	4.49	40,528,396	2,117,805	53,247
151	Russia	Eastern Europe	4.36	146,424,729	1,862,470	13,006
152	Cuba	Caribbean	4.08	11,089,511	107,528	56,495
153	New Zealand	Australasia	4.02	5,223,100	249,415	48,072
154	Croatia	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	3.96	3,855,641	80,185	20,877
155	Poland	Central Europe	3.74	37,667,000	842,172	22,393
156	United Kingdom	Western Europe	3.71	67,026,292	3,332,059	48,912
157	Netherlands	Western Europe	3.5	17,590,000	1,092,748	61,770
158	France	Western Europe	3.45	68,373,000	3,049,016	46,315
159	Belgium	Western Europe	3.39	11,801,722	627,511	53,657
160	Switzerland	Western Europe	3.44	8,931,306	905,684	102,865
161	Hungary	Central Europe	3.36	9,597,085	203,829	21,075
162	Greece	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	3.4	10,413,982	242,385	23,173
163	Australia	Australasia	3.18	26,461,912	1,687,713	63,487
164	Latvia	Northern Europe	3.27	1,874,700	46,668	24,929
165	Denmark	Northern Europe	3.19	5,959,464	420,800	71,402
166	Germany	Central Europe	3.1	84,607,016	4,429,838	52,824
167	Austria	Central Europe	2.97	9,154,514	526,182	58,013
168	Ireland	Western Europe	2.81	5,281,600	589,569	112,248
169	Lithuania	Northern Europe	2.87	2,869,660	79,427	28,482
170	Israel	West Asia	2.76	9,827,000	521,688	53,196
171	Andorra	Southern Europe	2.73	83,523	3,692	44,107
172	Spain	Southern Europe	2.61	48,345,223	1,582,054	33,090
173	Portugal	Southern Europe	2.69	10,467,366	276,432	26,879
174	South Korea	Eastern Asia	2.57	51,439,038	1,709,232	33,147
175	Cyprus	West Asia	2.31	918,100	32,032	34,791
176	Luxembourg	Western Europe	2.27	660,809	89,095	135,605
177	Italy	Southern Europe	2.39	58,919,345	2,186,082	37,146
178	Czech Republic	Central Europe	2.31	10,882,235	335,243	30,475
179	Iceland	Northern Europe	2.12	396,960	30,570	78,837
180	Belarus	Eastern Europe	2.19	9,200,617	68,864	7,477
181	Sweden	Northern Europe	2.08	10,558,012	597,110	55,216
182	Montenegro	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	2.07	616,695	7,058	11,338
183	Finland	Northern Europe	1.82	5,572,545	305,689	54,507
184	Norway	Northern Europe	1.84	5,533,582	546,768	99,266
185	Slovenia	Southeastern Europe (Balkans)	1.81	2,120,937	68,394	32,350
186	Japan	West Asia	1.79	124,240,000	4,230,862	33,950
187	Singapore	Southeastern Asia	1.84	5,917,600	497,347	87,884
188	Estonia	Northern Europe	1.66	1,365,884	41,799	30,998
189	Monaco	Western Europe	1.59	39,050	8,596	234,317
190	San Marino	Southern Europe	1.58	33,889	1,998	58,541

What is the future trend for infant mortality?

Infant mortality incidence is a measure of the number of newborn and sometimes unborn babies that pass away. This rate varies among different populations. Developing countries, especially poor African countries, have the highest infant mortality rate due to the lack of essential elements that are necessary to prevent baby deaths. These crucial factors include access to clean drinking water, adequate food, and trained healthcare professionals, among others.

In developed countries, the incidence of infant mortality is low, which is the opposite of what is seen in Africa. However, the United States, being the world’s largest economy with an ever-increasing population, also faces a problem of infant mortality. The rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in the US is 5.44, which is higher compared to other developed nations such as Australia (3.18), Sweden (2.08), and Japan (1.79). This places the US at the 54th position among the 199 territories and countries that were analyzed.

CEOWORLD magazine’s researchers discovered that the overall collective international infant death incidence has considerably diminished. This rate has plummeted to 52.8 baby deaths per 1,000 live births from roughly 140 infant deaths per 1,000 live births between 1950 to 1955.

It is not possible for a single entity to completely solve the issue of infant deaths. In order to reduce the mortality rates of infants, researchers at CEOWORLD magazine suggest that governments, non-governmental organizations, private companies, and citizens work together with public health agencies. This partnership should include healthcare providers and community units, and is crucial in reducing, and potentially eliminating, the long-standing problem of families losing their newborn children.

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Ranked: Countries with Highest (and Lowest) Rates of Infant Mortality, 2024

Countries with Highest (and Lowest) Rates of Infant Mortality, 2024

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